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Cigarette smoke contains more than 4000 chemical substances that have harmful effects on cardiovascular function.
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occasional smoking, passive smoking, a few cigarettes per day-is sufficient to have deleterious consequences.
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QUE SERA SERA SMOKING AD SERIES
Smoking, either active or passive, can cause cardiovascular disease via a series of interdependent processes, such as enhanced oxidative stress, haemodynamic and autonomic alterations, endothelial dysfunction, thrombosis, inflammation, hyperlipidaemia, or other effects. It is also associated with an increased risk of certain types of cancer, and is a major cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Smoking ranks among the top causes of cardiovascular disease, including coronary heart disease, ischemic stroke, peripheral artery disease and abdominal aortic aneurysm. If current trends continue, the death toll is projected to reach more than 8 million per year by 2030. Based on estimates by the WHO, tobacco continues to kill nearly 6 million people each year-including more than 600,000 passive smokers-through heart disease, lung cancer, and other illnesses that is one and a half million more than the corresponding estimate for 1990. In the European Union (EU), 15% of all-cause deaths are attributed to smoking, amounting to 655,000 smoking-related deaths each year, while in Greece, the percentage of deaths from any smoking-associated cause, among individuals ages 35 and older, has been estimated to be 18.1%. In the European Region of the World Health Organisation (WHO), smoking is the second most important risk factor in the burden of disability-adjusted life years and is the primary risk factor for premature mortality, associated with about 1.6 million deaths each year. The European Society of Cardiology reported recently that smoking causes 28% of cardiovascular deaths in men aged 35 to 69 years and 13% in women of the same age. Internationally, 25% of middle-aged cardiovascular deaths are attributable to smoking. Smoking is a major risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and is considered to be the leading preventable cause of death in the world. At the same time, the smoking-generated CO binds with haemoglobin and myoglobin, reduces arterial O2 blood saturation, compromises the efficiency of respiratory enzymes, and causes dysfunction of the O2 production, transportation and delivery system, especially during exercise, substantially reducing the functional capacity and the performance of the circulatory system.Ĭardiovascular disease, circulatory system, smoking, tobacco Introduction Nicotine deregulates cardiac autonomic function, boosts sympathetic activity, increases heart rate (HR) at rest, while blunting HR elevation during progressive exercise and lowering the maximum HR that can be achieved. The purpose of this article is to provide a brief description of the effects of smoking, and in particular the effects of nicotine and CO, on cardiovascular function. By causing intravascular inflammation, smoking promotes the development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. These basic ingredients of tobacco smoke cause an increase in oxidative stress, endothelial damage and dysfunction, and are associated with significantly higher serum concentrations of total cholesterol and triglycerides, and lower levels of the cardioprotective high-density lipoprotein. Cigarette smoke contains more than 4000 chemical substances, including nicotine and carbon monoxide (CO) that can have harmful effects on cardiovascular function.